Depending on the size, volume, configuration, substrate or mechanical characteristics, all parts to be coated are either sprayed or dipped All TUA formulas are applied via Ionic-Exchange. TUA formulas contain hydro/halo carbons of which post application “flash”, resulting in a covalent bond between the formulas and the substrate TUA coatings last the lifetime of the original device coated. Thickness of TUA formulas is completely dependent on the formula applied and the original substrate of the device coated.